Angleščina

Angleško-angleški slovar(ček)  Activ&Passiv, Present Simple, Present Continous, Past Simple, Past Continous, Future (will & going to).

Za začetek nekaj nepravilnih glagolov:

Preskoči

Base form                                      Past Simple                                        Past Participle
be                                                  was  /  were                                        been
beat                                               beat                                                    beaten
become                                          became                                              become
begin                                              bagan                                                begun
bite                                                bit                                                      bitten
blow                                              blew                                                  blown
break                                             broke                                                 broken
bring                                              brought                                             brought
build                                              built                                                   built
buy                                                bought                                               bought
can                                                could                                                  been able
catch                                              caught                                               caught
choose                                           chose                                                 chosen
come                                              came                                                 come
cost                                               cost                                                    cost
cut                                                cut                                                       cut
do                                                 did                                                      done
draw                                             drew                                                    drawn
drink                                             drank                                                  drunk
drive                                             drove                                                  driven
fall                                                fell                                                      fallen
feel                                               felt                                                       felt
give                                               gave                                                    given
go                                                 went                                                     gone
grow                                             grew                                                     grown
have                                              had                                                       had
hide                                               hid                                                       hidden
hit                                                  hit                                                        hit
hold                                               held                                                      held
keep                                               kept                                                      kept
know                                              knew                                                     known
lay                                                  laid                                                       laid
leave                                              left                                                        left
lie                                                  lay                                                         lain
lose                                                lost                                                        lost
make                                              made                                                     made
mean                                             meant                                                     meant
meet                                              met                                                         met
must                                              had to                                                     had to
pay                                                paid                                                        paid
put                                                 put                                                         put
read                                                read                                                      read
ride                                                rode                                                       ridden
ring                                                rang                                                       rung
rise                                                 rose                                                      risen
run                                                 ran                                                           run
say                                                 said                                                       said
see                                                 saw                                                        seen
sell                                                 sold                                                       sold
send                                              sent                                                        sent
shake                                            shook                                                     shaken
shoot                                             shot                                                       shot
show                                             showed                                                  shown
shut                                               shut                                                       shut
sing                                               sang                                                       sung
sink                                                sank                                                      sunk
sit                                                  sat                                                          sat
sleep                                             slept                                                       slept
speak                                            spoke                                                      spoken
spend                                            spent                                                       spent
stand                                             stood                                                       stood
steal                                              stole                                                         stolen
swim                                             swam                                                       swum
take                                                took                                                        taken
teach                                              taught                                                      taught
tell                                                  told                                                          told
think                                              thought                                                    thought
throw                                             threw                                                       thrown
understand                                     understood                                              understood
wake                                               woke                                                       woken
wear                                               wore                                                        worn
win                                                 won                                                         won
write                                               wrote                                                       written

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Slovarček

Preskoči

- to confine :to live within limits
- solitary: alone
- a caravan: a car made for living and travelling
- monastery: nuns and monks lives there
- the comfort: hotels are comfortable
- lavish: giving or doing something generously
- to devote: to dedicate
-solitude: solitary life
- aim: goal
-art capitals: Rome,Paris,London,Athens,Berlin,Vienna,Venice,Moscow
- museum: a building in which objects of artistic, cultural, historical interest are
                 displayed
-plainly: clearly, easy to understand
-a plain person: negative person
-verbosity: to many unuseful words
-historian: a person who deal with history
- a TV viewer: watches TV
- visdom: knowledge
- common-sense: natural simple thinking
- to be fascinated: to be fond of ; to be delighted by
- bespectacled: wearing spectacles  (glasses)
- infected by: a disease, enthusiasm
- prayer: believes in God
- to contemplate: to concentrate
- blissfully: endlessly
- delight: great pleasure
- performer: a person who performs for an audience
- to affect: to have influence on me
- increase: to become or make something greater in number, size
- decrease: to become or make something smaller or fewer
- pitch: an area of ground prepared and marked for a game
- pads: a peace of material to protect the legs and ankles
- goggles: a pair of glasses to protect the eyes from wind, dust, sun
- mitten (mitt): a type of glove covering 4 fingers together and the thumb
                     separately
- leotard: a garment that fits tightly over the body
- slap-up meal: large and very good;a slap-up meal at an expensive restaurant
- fable: a short story that teaches us a lesson often with animal characters;
          it conweys a moral
- moral: principles of right and wrong
- upset: angry
- to picture: to imagine
- ripen: to become or make something ripe
- vineyard: an area planted with vines for making wine
- to accomplish: to achieve
- to tap (ped): to move feet or fingers in rhytm
- accordion: a musical instrument that is held in the hands
- battered: damaged because of age
- thus: that's why
- to spot(ted): to notice
- seek: search for
- bustling: excited
- waterfront: land at the river's edge
- steamy: hot, filled with moisture
- rough, tough area: not smooth or gentle
- undisputed: undoubtet
- ability: power or skil required to do something
- popular: liked, admired or enjoyed by many people
- to spoil: to harm character
- thoroughly: completely
- doting: showing love or very loving, permissive
- painter: uses brushes, palette, canvas, colours, paint
- lifelike: very realistic
- coincidently: by chance
- feature: part of your face
- occasionaly: now and then
- circle: a group of people who are connected by having the same interests
- to outnumber: be greater in number
- painfully: outrageously
- sensitive: easily heart
- grief-stricken: violent, sorry, overcome by deep sorrow
- dispensary: chemist's
- useful: appropriate, handly
- to appear: to be shown, to be preformed
- subsequent: following
- spinster: older lady
- nervous breakdown: Mental disease that causes depression
- to abandon: to leave for good
- to disappear: to vanish
- masterpiece: great work of art
- eventually: finally
- solitude: solitary life
- media: TV, radio, press
- bitter: difficult to accept
- to excavate: to uncover
- limelight: publicity
- marriage: a formal agreement between a man and a woman making them
                husband and wife
- divorce: the legal ending of a marriage
- a mansion: old, big, spacy villa
- excited: very delighted
- magnificent: marvellous, splendid, remarkable
- huge: very big
- straggly: untidy
- to attack: to knock over, to charge
- chimney: a structure through which smoke or steam is carried away from a fire
WONDER- AN AMAZING THING
UNPRECENDENT- THAT DID NOT EXIST BEFORE
GIANT- HUGE
A LEAP- HUGE JUMP
LIFE EXPECTANCY- HOW LONG DO THE PEOPLE LEAVE
TO TREBLE- THREE TIMES BIGGER
BRIEF MOMENT- SHORT MOMENT
FAMINE- PLACES WHERE PEOPLE DIED OF HUNGER
HUNGER- PLACES WHERE IS NOT ENOUGH FOOD
DROUGHT- A PLACES WHERE IS NOT ENOUGH WEATHER
MARVELLOUS- GREAT, INCREDIBLE
TO EXTEND- TO PROLONG
CONVENIENT- PRACTICAL
SLIGHTLY- A BIT
TO ENABLE- TO MAKE POSSIBLE
TO CONTEMPLATE - LOOK AT
INCREDIBLE- IMBELIEVABLE
OBVIOUS- CLEAR
INCONCEIVABLE- NOT IMAGINED BEFORE
ACHIEVEMENT- THING DONE SUCCESSFULLY
REVOLUTIONISE- TO MAKE A CHANGE
DECLARE- TO MAKE SOMETHING KNOWN CLEARLY
IMPOSSIBLE- SOMETHING IS NOT POSSIBLE
ADVANCE- DONE BEFORE SOMETHING HAPPEN
BENEFIT- A ADVANTAGE THAT SOMETHING GIVES
HUMBLE- NOT THINK THAT YOU ARE BETTER THAT OTHERS
GREED- A STRONG DESIRE FOR MORE FOOD
ABUSE- USING A POWER IN WRONG WAY
COMPETITION- A CONTEST WHERE PEOPLE  HOPE THAT THEY WILL WIN
STEADY JOB- A SECURE JOB
TO POTTER- WORK IN A SLOW WAY
STUFFY- NOT AIRY
TO CONFINE- LEAVE WITH LIMITS
SOLITARY- ALONE
CARAVAN- A CAR MADE FOR LEAVING
MONASTERY- A HOUSE WHERE LIVE NUNS
TO DEVOTE- TO DEDICATE
SOLITUDE- SOLITARY LIFE- YOU LIVE TOTALLY ALONE
A MUSEUM- PLACE WHERE YOU LOOKING ART TREASURES
PLAINLY- CLEARLY
VERBOSITY- TO MANY WORDS
VIEWERS- PEOPLE WATCHES TV
MINSDOM- KNOWLEDGE
TO FASCINATED-TO BE DELIGHT BY
TO INFECTED  BY - A  DISEASE
BLISSFULLY HAPPY- ENDLESSLY HAPPY
DAILIGHT- GREAT PLEASURE
TO PERFORMANCE- TO TALK ON TV, TO PLAY IN TEETER
TO AFFECT- TO HAVE A INFLUENCE ON ME
TO CONFINE- LEAVE WITH LIMITS
TO DEVOTE- TO DEDICATE
PLAINLY- CLEARLY
VERBOSITY- TO MANY WORDS
VIEWERS- PEOPLE WATCHES TV
 WINSDOM- KNOWLEDGE
TO FASCINATED-TO BE DELIGHT BY
TO INFECTED  BY - A  DISEASE
BLISSFULLY HAPPY- ENDLESSLY HAPPY
DAILIGHT- GREAT PLEASURE
TO PERFORMANCE- TO TALK ON TV, TO PLAY IN TEETER
TO AFFECT- TO HAVE A INFLUENCE ON ME
THE COMFORT-HOTELS ARE COMFOSTABLE
LAVISH-GIVINH OR DOING SOMETHING GENERASLY
AN AXPERT-PERSON WITH SPECIAL KNOWLADGE
PLAIN PERSON-NEGATIVE PERSON
COMMON-SENSE-NATURAL SIMPLE THINKING
PITCH-AN AREA OF GRAUND PREPARED FOR A GAME
PADS-A PEACE OF MATERIAL TO PROTECT THE LEGS,ANKELS
GOGGLES-a pair of glasses to protect the eyes from wind ,dust ,sun
MITTEN(MITT)-a type of glove covering four fingers together
LEOTARD-A GARMENT THAT FLITS OVER THE BODY
FABLE-A STORY WITCH TEACHES US A LESON
MORAL-PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND RONG
RIPEN-SOMETHING RIPEN AND WE CAN EAT IT
to knit -to make germants, by creating rows of  connecting loops of wool
a cloth-material made by weawing cotton, wool, silk
a slate-small sheet of slate in a wooden frame, used by school children for writting on
chalk- a similar substance made into white or coloured stick for writting ar drawing on blabkboards
corporal punishment- physical whipping or beating
to bang on time- to arrive on time
an insult- hurt somebody feelings
to exceed- to be greater that—presegati
to bow- to bend your head of boby as a sign of respect or as a greeting
casual- ordinary, simple, relaxed, coreless,
impersional- not showing your feelings
greet- to give a sign or word of welcome when meeting a guest
insult- to speak or act in a way than hurts or is intended to hurt the feeling
essential- extremely important
corresponding- related or eguivalent
increase- to became or make great in number
to wetar- to pour water in plants, to give water animals to drink
etiqueette- the rules of correct and polite behaviour
a tip- a peace of advice
at least- not less than
a link- a person or thing witch connects two others
executive- relating to the management of an organization  and to putting plants desisions into effect: having power to put important desisions,
corner- a place where two or three lines, sides, edges or surfaces meet
global- covering or affecting the whole word
allowing up- to permit to enter, leave, get up...
guidebook- a book written to direct somebodys behaviour
widespread-found or distributed over a large area or number of poeple
prefer- to choose something rather than something else; to like something better
regard- to look steadily at something in specified way; to consieder or think about someone in the specified way
seniority- the state of fact of being elder in age, rank
establish- to being something on a  firm or permanent basis
superior- better in quality of somebody else
reserved- slow to show feelings of express opinions
stereotype- general opinion, idea about a person, nation
offensive- causing upset, insulted or annoyed

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PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE
Izraža dejanja, ki se v sedanjosti ponavljajo. Glagolu dodamo konenico -S v 3.os. ednine.
Present tense simple expresses:
a) general lifestyle (to express a fact which is always true)
    I have two brothers.
    My daughter has brown eyes.
    Some birds fly south in the winter.
b) expresses habits (to express an action that happens again and again)
    I usually watch TV in the evening.
    I go to work by car.
    She smokes ten cigarettes a day.
    I wash my hair twice a week.
c) to express a fact which stays the same for a long time (a state)
    He works in a bank.
    I live in a flat near the centre of town.
    I prefer coffee to tea.

The Present Simple is one of the most common tenses in English. It can refer to the present(now), but it can also refer to all time and regular time(permanent situations and habits).
I want a cup of tea. = now
The sun rises in the east. =all time
I play tennis on Sunday mornings. =regular time

Če se vprašanje začne z where, what, when, who, how dodamo pomožni glagol DO ali DOES.

The usual adverbs of frequency: usually, always, often, sometimes, never, rarely, every day, every Monday,...
 Spelling of verb + S:
1. The normal rule is to add -s to the base form of the verb
    wants     eats     helps     drives
2. Add -s to verb that end in -ss,-sh,-ch,-x and -o
    kisses     washes     watches     fixes     goes
3. Verbs that end in a consonant +y change to -ies
    carries     flies     worries     tries
   But verbs which end in  vowel +y only add -s
    buys     says     plays     enjoys

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PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS
to be + ing

Izraža dejanje, ki traja v trenutku govorjenja.
Present Tense Continuous is used:
a) for the activities that are happening now, at the moment
    We are studying now.
    Don't turn the TV off. I'm watching it.
    You can't speak to Jane. She's having a bath.
b) for an action that is true now, but not necessarily going on now
    Don't take the plate. I'm still eating.
    Don't take that book. Jane is reading it.
    I'm doing a French evening course this year.
c) temporary activity
    At the moment I am acting in a new film.
    Peter is a student,but he is working as a barman during the holidays.
    I'm living with friends until I find a place of my one.
d) a future arrangement
    We are going to the cinema tonight.
    I'm having lunch with Nina tomorrow.
    We are meeting at 1.00 outside the restaurant.

The usual adverbs of frequency: now, just, still, today, this morning, at the moment,...

Spelling of verb +-ing:
1. The normal rule is to add -ing to the base form of the verb
     going     wearing     visiting     eating
2. Verbs that end in one -e lose -e
     smoking     coming     hoping     writing
    But verbs that end -ee don't lose an -e
    agreeing     seeing
3. Double consonant
    stopping     getting     running     planning     jogging
    But if the final consonant is -y or -w, it is not doubled
    playing     showing

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STATE VERBS
(ne izražajo akcije)

1. Verbs of thinking
    believe, know, understand, remember, forget, doubt, deserve
2. Verbs of emotions and feelings,...
     love, hate, like, care, hope, admit, want,...
3. Verbs of having (possession) and being
     have, own, belong, possess, cost, weigh, appear, seem,...
4. Verbs of senses
    look (see), hear, taste, smell (dišati), feel
5. Change of meaning
    smell: I'm smelling this roses.
    see: Nina is seeing her doctor now.
    enjoy: I'm not enjoying state verbs.
    think: I'm thinking about my spelling.
    taste: Brane is tasting the new wine.
    have: I'm having my dinner.

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ACTIVE & PASSIV
PASSIV= TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (tretji stolpec na začetku strani)

1. We feed our cat twice a day.
    Our cat is fed twice a day.
2. I write a letter.
    A letter is written.
3. People speak English all over the world.
    English is spoken all over the world.
4. They drink a lot of wine.
    A lot of wine is drunk by them.
5. My mother cooks lunch.
    Lunch is cooked by my mother.
6. I water flowers regularly.
    Flowers are watered regularly.
7. The mechanic is repairing my bike.
    My bike is being repaired.
8. I'm eating the soup.
    Soup is being eaten.
9. He is washing his car.
    His car is being washed by him.
10. Children are singing Christmas chants.
      Christmas chants are being sung by children.
11. Yesterday my neighbour watered them.
      Yesterday they were watered by my neighbour.

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PAST TENSE SIMPLE
Uporabljamo ga za dejanje, ki se je zgodilo v določeni preteklosti.
REGULAR VERBS: worked, cooked, danced, stayed,...
IREGULAR VERBS: 2. stolpec nepravilnih glagolov

Past Tense Simple is used:
a) for completed action in the past
    She cooked her dinner. (zakljueeno dejanje)
    We met in 1982.
    I went to Manchester last week.
    John left two minutes ago.
b) an action at a specific time
    yesterday, last week, ago, in 1982,...
c) for actions that followed each other
    I got up at 10.00. I had my breakfast. I drank my coffee.
 d) past habit
     I always passed school.

The usual adverbs of frequency: yesterday, last week, 3 years ago,...

Spelling of verb +-ed:
1. The normal rule is to add -ed to the base form of the verb
     worked     wanted     helped     washed
2. When the verb ends in -e, just add -d
     liked     used     hated     cared
3.  If the verb is written with one vowel + one written consonant, the      consonant is doubled
     stopped     planned     robbed
But we write cooked because there are two vowels.
4. The consonant is not doubled if it is y or w
     played     showed
5. Verbs that end in a consonant + y change to -ied
     carried     hurried
But we write enjoyed because it ends in a vowel + y.

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PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS
Izraža dejanje, ki je trajalo v določenem preteklem času.

Past Tense Continuous is used:
a) incompleted action, duration is emphasised (trajanje je povdarjeno)
    I was reading the book the whole afternoon, but I didn't finish it.
b) is used for interrupted actions
   When we were driving 100 km/h we ran into a tree.
   were driving                   &    ran into a tree                                    now
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c) for two actions going on at the same time
    While the dog was playing, I was sitting on a banch.
            while = as
d) a descriptive tense
    When I woke up the birds were singing and the sun was shinning.
     I was at the party. It was a good one. Everybody was dancing,drinking and
     having fun.

The usual adverbs of frequency: all day yesterday, when, while, as,...

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PAST PERFECT
Perfect means ' completed before ' , so Past Perfect refers to an action in the past which was completed before another action in the past.

PAST PERFECT = HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
RULE: Past Perfect Tense is used to express an  activity or action that was already passed in the past. It happened before another action in the past.
The usual adverbs of frequency: after, as soon as, until, when,...

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FUTURE
will & going to

a) intention (decision)
    WILL: OK, I will help you.
             - will expresses a decision made at the moment of speaking
   GOING TO:
   A: We need some sugar.
   B: Don't worry. It is on my list. I am going to buy it.
   ( I intend, I have already decided before)

b) prediction
    We predict a future event with going to, when there is some present
     evidence.(sedanji dokaz)
1. We will predict.
2. What is going to happen?
3. They are going to get married.
4. They are going to have a reception.
5. They are going to move to a new house.
6. I think I will get a job. I have all the qualifications.
       (it is my opinion; we use will)
7. It will rain. ( weather forecast)
8. It is going to rain. I can see the clouds and it is lightening already.
9. I think it will rain. I don't think it will rain.

c) I will
    I think I will be a singer.
               I'm quite sure.
               I only predict; it's my opinion

   I will have a beer. ( a decision made at the moment of speaking)
 

FUTURE ARRANGEMENT

A: Would you like to come with me to see Pete?
B: No, I'm having dinner out with Jodie.
             PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE

We use Present Tense Continuous for a future activity, when the speaker has an appointment with somebody at a specific time in the future.

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